:root {
  --bg:        #fbfaf7;
  --bg-card:   #ffffff;
  --fg:        #18181b;
  --fg-soft:   #3f3f46;
  --muted:     #71717a;
  --border:    #e7e5e0;
  --accent:    #1d4ed8;
  --accent-soft: #eef2ff;
  --hover:     #f4f4f0;
  --shadow:    0 1px 2px rgba(24,24,27,.04), 0 4px 16px rgba(24,24,27,.04);
  --radius:    10px;
  --maxw:      820px;
  --serif:     'Fraunces', Georgia, 'Iowan Old Style', serif;
  --sans:      'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --bg:       #0e0f12;
    --bg-card:  #16181d;
    --fg:       #f4f4f5;
    --fg-soft:  #d4d4d8;
    --muted:    #a1a1aa;
    --border:   #26282e;
    --accent:   #93c5fd;
    --accent-soft: #1e2533;
    --hover:    #1b1d23;
    --shadow:   0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3), 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
  }
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--fg);
  background: var(--bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.container {
  max-width: var(--maxw);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.25rem;
}

/* ---------- Header & nav ---------- */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 88%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.nav-row {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 64px;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.brand {
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--fg);
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.brand:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: .15rem;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: center;
}
.site-nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--fg-soft);
  padding: .45rem .8rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: .95rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease;
}
.site-nav a:hover { background: var(--hover); color: var(--fg); }
.site-nav a.active { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }

/* ---------- Dropdown (Projects) ---------- */
.nav-dropdown { position: relative; }
.nav-dropdown-trigger {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .3rem;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  padding: .45rem .8rem;
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: var(--fg-soft);
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 8px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease;
}
.nav-dropdown-trigger:hover { background: var(--hover); color: var(--fg); }
.nav-dropdown.active > .nav-dropdown-trigger { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.nav-dropdown-trigger .caret {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  transition: transform .2s ease;
}
.nav-dropdown.is-open > .nav-dropdown-trigger .caret { transform: rotate(180deg); }

.nav-dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 8px);
  right: 0;
  min-width: 240px;
  padding: .35rem;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  display: none;
  z-index: 60;
}
.nav-dropdown.is-open > .nav-dropdown-menu { display: block; }
.nav-dropdown-menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: .55rem .75rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--fg-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 0;
  white-space: normal;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.nav-dropdown-menu a:hover { background: var(--hover); color: var(--fg); }
.nav-dropdown-menu a.active { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.nav-dropdown-menu a.nav-dropdown-featured { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
.nav-dropdown-divider {
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--border);
  margin: .35rem .25rem;
}

/* ---------- Hamburger toggle (mobile only) ---------- */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  position: relative;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.nav-toggle:hover { background: var(--hover); border-color: var(--border); }
.nav-toggle-bar {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  width: 20px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--fg);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  transition: transform .25s ease, opacity .15s ease, top .25s ease;
}
.nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(1) { top: 13px; }
.nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(2) { top: 19px; }
.nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(3) { top: 25px; }
.nav-toggle.is-open .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(1) { top: 19px; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(45deg); }
.nav-toggle.is-open .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.nav-toggle.is-open .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(3) { top: 19px; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(-45deg); }

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .nav-toggle { display: inline-block; }
  .site-nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 1px);
    left: -1.25rem;
    right: -1.25rem;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    padding: .5rem 1.25rem 1rem;
    background: var(--bg);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: transform .2s ease, opacity .2s ease;
  }
  .site-nav.open {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
  }
  .site-nav a {
    padding: .85rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  .site-nav a + a { margin-top: .15rem; }

  /* Inline dropdown inside the hamburger panel */
  .nav-dropdown { width: 100%; margin-top: .15rem; }
  .nav-dropdown-trigger {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: .85rem 1rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  .nav-dropdown-menu {
    position: static;
    display: none;
    min-width: 0;
    margin: .15rem 0 .15rem 1.25rem;
    padding: .15rem 0 .15rem .65rem;
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  .nav-dropdown.is-open > .nav-dropdown-menu { display: block; }
  .nav-dropdown-menu a {
    padding: .65rem .75rem;
    font-size: .98rem;
  }
  .nav-dropdown-divider { margin: .35rem .25rem .35rem 0; }
}

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: 4rem;
  padding-bottom: 3.5rem;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.75rem;
    padding-top: 2.5rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .hero-cta { justify-content: center; }
}
.hero-portrait {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-soft), var(--hover));
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.hero-portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.portrait-fallback {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 3.25rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: .02em;
}

.eyebrow {
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
}

h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4vw + 1rem, 3rem);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0 0 .9rem;
}
h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
h3 {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  margin: 0 0 .35rem;
}
.subhead {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
}

.lede {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--fg-soft);
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  max-width: 60ch;
}

p { margin: 0 0 1rem; color: var(--fg-soft); }

a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 35%, transparent);
  transition: border-color .15s ease, color .15s ease;
}
a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.hero-cta { display: flex; gap: .75rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .4rem;
  padding: .6rem 1.05rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--bg-card);
  color: var(--fg);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: .95rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform .12s ease, background .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--hover); border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--fg) 25%, var(--border)); transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn-primary {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--accent);
}
.btn-primary:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 85%, black); border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 85%, black); }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .btn-primary { color: #0e0f12; }
}

/* ---------- Sections ---------- */
.section {
  padding-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* ---------- Tags ---------- */
.tags {
  list-style: none;
  margin: .5rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .5rem;
}
.tags li {
  font-size: .9rem;
  padding: .3rem .7rem;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--fg-soft);
}

/* ---------- Cards ---------- */
.cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: .5rem;
}
.card {
  display: block;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: transform .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, box-shadow .15s ease;
}
.card:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 55%, var(--border));
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.card h3 { color: var(--fg); margin-bottom: .35rem; }
.card p { color: var(--fg-soft); margin-bottom: .65rem; font-size: .98rem; }
.card-link {
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* ---------- Section header row ---------- */
.section-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .5rem 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.section-head h2 { margin: 0; }
.section-head-link {
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: transparent;
}
.section-head-link:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Publications ---------- */
.pub-year {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 2.25rem 0 .5rem;
  padding-bottom: .35rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.page-article .pub-year:first-of-type { margin-top: 1.75rem; }
.pubs { list-style: none; counter-reset: pub; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.pub {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pubs > .pub:first-child { border-top: none; }
.pub h3 { font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: .25rem; }
.pub-title { color: var(--fg); font-weight: 500; margin: 0 0 .25rem; }
.pub-authors { color: var(--fg-soft); font-size: .95rem; margin: 0 0 .15rem; }
.pub-venue   { color: var(--muted);   font-size: .92rem; font-style: italic; margin: 0 0 .35rem; }
.pub-doi {
  font-family: ui-monospace, 'SF Mono', Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: .85rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.pub-doi a { color: var(--muted); border-bottom-color: transparent; }
.pub-doi a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

.award-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: .35rem;
  padding: .1rem .5rem;
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 999px;
  vertical-align: 1px;
}

/* ---------- Plain list ---------- */
.plain-list { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.1rem; }
.plain-list li { color: var(--fg-soft); margin-bottom: .35rem; }

/* ---------- Contact dl ---------- */
.contact {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;
  gap: .5rem 1.25rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.contact dt {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .9rem;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: .15rem;
}
.contact dd { margin: 0; }

/* ---------- Article pages ---------- */
.page-article { padding-top: 4rem; }
.page-article h2 { margin-top: 2rem; }

/* ---------- Job-market callout ---------- */
.hero-callout-row { padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.callout {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0;
  color: var(--fg);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.callout strong { font-weight: 600; color: var(--fg); }
.callout a {
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 45%, transparent);
}

/* ---------- CV page ---------- */
.cv-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}
.cv-head h1 { margin-bottom: .35rem; }
.cv-meta {
  font-size: .9rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}
.cv-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: .6rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.cv-viewer {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  height: min(85vh, 1100px);
}
.cv-viewer iframe {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
  display: block;
}
.cv-fallback {
  margin-top: .9rem;
  font-size: .9rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: center;
}
.cv-empty {
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  border: 1px dashed var(--border);
  border-radius: 12px;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .cv-viewer { height: 70vh; }
}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-top: 3rem;
  padding: 1.75rem 0 2.5rem;
  font-size: .9rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.footer-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.footer-links { display: flex; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.footer-links a { color: var(--muted); border-bottom-color: transparent; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Selection & focus ---------- */
::selection { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); }
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}